March 10, 2024

NSAID’s How Do They Work?

NSAIDs, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, are widely used medications that help relieve pain, reduce fever, and decrease swelling. These drugs work by blocking specific enzymes called Cox-1 and Cox-2, which are involved in producing chemicals called prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are hormone-like substances that contribute to inflammation, pain, and fever by causing swelling and amplifying pain signals from nerves to the brain. By inhibiting these enzymes, NSAIDs reduce the production of prostaglandins, leading to less swelling and pain

Most NSAIDs block both Cox-1 and Cox-2 enzymes, such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen. Aspirin has the added benefit of preventing blood clot formation, reducing the risk of heart attacks and strokes. This is due to irreversible binding to platelets. However, NSAIDs can have side effects, especially when used regularly or at high doses. Common side effects include gastrointestinal issues like ulcers and stomach problems due to reduced prostaglandin production that protects the stomach lining. NSAIDs can also lead to high blood pressure, kidney damage, liver enzyme elevation, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, and fluid retention.

It’s important to use NSAIDs cautiously for the shortest time possible and at the lowest effective dose to minimize risks. People with certain health conditions or those taking other medications should consult their healthcare provider before using NSAIDs. Additionally, individuals at higher risk of complications from NSAIDs should be cautious and seek medical advice before taking these medications.

In summary, NSAIDs work by blocking enzymes that produce inflammatory chemicals in the body, providing relief from pain and inflammation. While they are effective in managing various conditions, it is crucial to use them judiciously to avoid potential side effects and complications associated with their use.